Mobile E-Bike Sharing Systems with Integrated Photovoltaics: Electric mobility solutions for large events in Évora, Portugal

Abstract

Mobile e-bike sharing stations integrated with photovoltaics are proposed for Évora to serve baseline urban demand and event-related surges while respecting heritage constraints. The system is powered primarily by photovoltaics, with optional grid-assist for resilience. We present a siting–sizing framework that (i) selects candidate locations via AHP and a p-median model based on origin–destination flows and travel times, and (ii) sizes PV and storage under two energy hypotheses: full-recharge of all e-bikes versus a usage-driven demand model (Wh/km × trip length × trips/bike). Using worst-month irradiance and aggregate conversion losses, a worked example shows that the full-recharge assumption yields higher capacities (≈6 kWp PV + 25 kWh storage per 10 bikes for event peaks), whereas the usage-driven model reduces sizing substantially while meeting service levels; both are reported to ensure robustness. This compact framework is directly applicable to heritage cities planning PV-micromobility for large events.