DSpace Collection:http://hdl.handle.net/10174/9912024-03-28T19:36:00Z2024-03-28T19:36:00ZOn the Determinants of Sanctions Effectiveness: An Empirical Analysis by Using Duration ModelsCaetano, JoséGalego, AuroraCaleiro, Antóniohttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/364562024-03-19T14:57:25Z2023-05-02T23:00:00ZTitle: On the Determinants of Sanctions Effectiveness: An Empirical Analysis by Using Duration Models
Authors: Caetano, José; Galego, Aurora; Caleiro, António
Abstract: Sanctions are a recurrent issue on the international scene that has gained relevance in recent decades. This article intends to approach this matter in an innovative way by analyzing the relative importance of sanctions’ types and objectives, besides target countries’ characteristics, on
sanctions outcomes. Unlike most previous studies, we use more comprehensive data and a competing risk discrete-time hazard model to analyze the differences between sanctions termination by target compliance and sender capitulation. Our results show that the determinants for the two outcomes differ and that there are differences in the efficacy of sanctions according to their type and objective.
We conclude that while higher levels of political volatility, democracy, and equality in target countries increase the probability of compliance, higher levels of democracy and globalization increase the probability of sender capitulation. Smart sanctions seem to be more effective at targeting compliance,
as the likelihood of compliance is higher for financial and military sanctions than for trade. The likelihood of compliance also increases if the objective is to promote democracy and decreases if the objectives are policy, regime change, or terrorism. Instead, the probability of sender capitulation is higher for travel and trade sanctions and if the objective is to promote human rights.2023-05-02T23:00:00ZThe Influence of Career Choice Intentions on New Venture Creation in Algeria, Sierra Leone, and South AfricaFragoso, RuiPereira, Renatohttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/346652023-02-24T11:46:07Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: The Influence of Career Choice Intentions on New Venture Creation in Algeria, Sierra Leone, and South Africa
Authors: Fragoso, Rui; Pereira, Renato
Abstract: This paper analyses the influence that career choice intentions, including entrepreneurial
intentions, have on new venture creation among African university students. In addition to that, we explore how social context may affect new venture creation, considering the inner circle of entrepreneurs, the organizational environment and the broader environment. To test our hypotheses, we used data from the 2018 Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey (GUESSS), focusing on university students from Algeria, Sierra Leone and South Africa. Our findings provide evidence that, in these countries, career choice intentions to become an entrepreneur—either immediately after graduation or five years after
graduation are a good predictor of current new venture creation by university students. We also found an important role of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education courses for determining new venture creation. Our investigation contributes to filling the gap in the link between career choice intentions and entrepreneurial behavior in Africa.2022-01-01T00:00:00ZReference Forecasts for CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Combustion and Cement Production in Portugal,Belbute, JoséPereira, Alfredohttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/346272023-02-16T17:33:09Z2020-06-14T23:00:00ZTitle: Reference Forecasts for CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Combustion and Cement Production in Portugal,
Authors: Belbute, José; Pereira, Alfredo
Abstract: We provide reference forecasts for CO2 emissions from burning fuel fossil and cement production in Portugal
based on an ARFIMA model approach and using annual data from 1950 to 2017. Our reference projections
suggest a pattern of decarbonization that will cause the reduction of 3.3 Mt until 2030 and 5.1 Mt between 2030
and 2050. This scenario allows us to assess effort required by the new IPCC goals to ensure carbon neutrality by
2050. For this objective to be achieved it is necessary for emissions to be reduced by 39.9 Mt by 2050. Our results
suggest that of these, only 8.4 Mt will result from the inertia of the national emissions system. The remaining
reduction on emissions of 31.5 Mt of CO2 will require additional policy efforts. Accordingly, our results suggest
that about 65.5% of the reductions necessary to achieve IPCC goals require deliberate policy efforts. Finally, the
presence in the data of long memory with mean reversion suggests that policies must be persistent to ensure that
these reductions in emissions are also permanent.2020-06-14T23:00:00ZReflexões sobre a guerra na Ucrânia: novas ilusões ou verdadeiras promessas para a segurança europeia?Balla, Evanthiahttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/335692023-01-23T14:43:48Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Reflexões sobre a guerra na Ucrânia: novas ilusões ou verdadeiras promessas para a segurança europeia?
Authors: Balla, Evanthia
Abstract: A União depara-se com uma nova realidade trágica e inesperada, ou como Timothy Gardon Ash, o conhecido historiador e professor de Estudos Europeus da Universidade de Oxford relata, ‘vestida apenas com os fragmentos das nossas ilusões perdidas’. No seu artigo publicado um dia após a invasão, Timothy Gardon Ash coloca uma pergunta, simples, mas ao mesmo tempo desafiante devido a problemática que expõe: porque é que nós, os europeus, cometemos sempre o mesmo erro?2022-01-01T00:00:00Z