DSpace Collection:http://hdl.handle.net/10174/6612024-03-04T08:56:48Z2024-03-04T08:56:48ZReactions of Carboxylic Acids With an Alcohol Over Acid MaterialsCastanheiro, Joséhttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/361262024-01-18T10:46:18Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids With an Alcohol Over Acid Materials
Authors: Castanheiro, José
Abstract: Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil diesel. It is biodegradable and non-toxic. The
production of biodiesel is carried out by transesterification and/or esterification
reactions.
Usually, reactions between a carboxylic acid with an alcohol are carried out
using sulfuric and phosphoric acids. Mineral acids (e.g., sulfuric acid) have some
problems, such as the separation of reaction mixture. Heterogeneous catalysts can
used to replace the homogenous ones.
These catalysts have been used for biodiesel production. Recently, acid solids,
such as heteropolyacids, activated carbons with sulfonic acid groups, and cation exchange resins, have been used as catalysts on esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs).
This present work is a review about the esterification reactions of carboxylic
acid (fatty acid) with an alcohol over solid materials2023-01-01T00:00:00ZAssessment of Water Consumers LiteracyFernandes, AnaFigueiredo, MargaridaChaves, HumbertoNeves, JoséVicente, Henriquehttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/355362023-09-18T09:22:55Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Assessment of Water Consumers Literacy
Authors: Fernandes, Ana; Figueiredo, Margarida; Chaves, Humberto; Neves, José; Vicente, Henrique
Editors: Balaji, Etikala; Veeraswamy, Golla; Mannala, Prasad; Madhav, Sughosh
Abstract: Nowadays, an increasing amount of water is used without the awareness that this resource is not inexhaustible. In fact, pollution, environmental degradation and/or climate change caused by human activities lead to the degradation of the quality of available water. In 2015, the United Nations warned about the risk of reaching a water deficit of 40%, in 2030, if consumption patterns are not changed. Indeed, population growth is one of the main causes for this deficit. The protection and sustainable consumption of water is one of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, to ensure that the world’s population has access to clean water, free from pollution and managed responsibly. Thus, governments and non-governmental organizations must promote the conscious and informed use of water by the population. It is mandatory that the population becomes aware of the need for efficient management of water resources, ensuring their quality and preventing their degradation, in order to not compromise/jeopardize their future availability. The knowledge of the population’s literacy on water issues and on water quality—health interconnections is essential to design plans leading to the implementation of eco-sustainable practices. The goal of this research was to evaluate the literacy of water consumers and to establish a forecast model for water literacy managing. The collection of information was conducted through the inquiry by questionnaire technique and applied on a cohort encompassing 453 participants. The questionnaire includes three main dimensions (Water Quality, Disease Prevention and Sustainability/Public Health Promotion) and in each dimension, four competencies were evaluated (obtain, understand, assess and apply information regarding water consumption). The results obtained allow to assert that in the two first dimensions, the competence in which participants show more difficulty is assess. Regarding the Sustainability/Public Health Promotion,the participants show more difficulty in the competence apply. The model presented in this research, grounded on the connectionist paradigm, has shown great efficiency in the forecast of the target variable. The key contribution of the present research is to present an integrated and systematic approach that can give a contribution to the increase of water literacy, which allows the implementation of eco-sustainable practices.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZSynthesis of Green BioplasticsCastanheiro, JoséMourão, PauloCansado, Isabelhttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/339212023-02-07T11:25:16Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Synthesis of Green Bioplastics
Authors: Castanheiro, José; Mourão, Paulo; Cansado, Isabel
Abstract: Conventional plastics are used in the last years/decades. However, these materials have environmental problems. After its utilization, they are not biodegradable and generate an increase of greenhouse gases. Thus, it is important to replace the traditional plastics by a new material: bioplastics. Bioplastics are biodegradable and some of them are biocompatible. Starch, cellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(lactic acid) and cellulose are bioplastics, which can be used in agriculture, medicine, packaging, structural and automotive engineering. Bioplastics are produced from polysaccharides, proteins, and other glycerides resources. Starch is a thermoplastic and it can be used for different applications. Also, cellulose and polyhydroxyalkanoates have different applications.
In this work, it is made a review in relation to bioplastics (most comum) as green plastic and its production.2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSynthesis of Green BioplasticsCastanheiro, JoséMourão, PauloCansado, Isabelhttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/332082023-01-05T15:27:28Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Synthesis of Green Bioplastics
Authors: Castanheiro, José; Mourão, Paulo; Cansado, Isabel
Editors: Inamuddin; Altalhi, Tariq
Abstract: Conventional plastics are used in the last years/decades. However, these materials have environmental problems. After its utilization, they are not biodegradable and generate an increase of greenhouse gases. Thus, it is important to replace the traditional plastics by a new material: bioplastics. Bioplastics are biodegradable, and some of them are biocompatible. Starch, cellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(lactic acid), and cellulose are bioplastics, which can be used in agriculture, medicine, packaging, structural, and automotive engineering. Bioplastics are produced from polysaccharide, protein, and other glyceride resources. Starch is a thermoplastic, and it can be used for different applications. Also, cellulose and polyhydroxyalkanoates have different applications.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z